Wigan has a long and varied legal history. Since the 13th century, it has been subject to laws which have evolved over time as society changed. Wigan is an ancient borough, known historically for its coal mining and textile industries. As such, its legal system was heavily influenced by the need to protect these industries whilst balancing the rights of individuals.
13th Century: Wardship Rights
The earliest known references to any form of law in Wigan date from the 13th century. During this period, Wiganshire (as it was then called) had various rights which came under what was termed 'wardship'. These were essentially rights of protection from any outside interference. This was reflected in the fact that Wigan had its own court, and could make decisions independently.
14th Century: Property Rights
As the population increased during the 14th century, so did the number of disputes over property rights. The courts began to define these rights more clearly and set out a legal framework for them. It is during this period that Wigan's first recognisable written laws emerged, governing property ownership and inheritance.
15th Century: Feudalism
By the 15th century, feudalism was well established across much of England. This meant that the common people had little power or rights, and were subject to the whims of their lords. In Wigan, this was particularly apparent in the form of taxes which had to be paid to the local baron regardless of whether they could afford it or not.
16th Century: Parliamentary Rule
The 16th century saw a shift towards parliamentary rule in Wigan and across Britain as a whole. This means that laws began to be more evenly applied, with everyone being subject to them equally. The Magna Carta was also passed at this time, providing an important basis for legal principles such as equality before the law.
17th Century: Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution had a major effect on Wigan during the 17th century, as it was transformed from a rural farming town into an industrial powerhouse. This led to new laws being passed in order to regulate the mills and factories that began to spring up. There were also laws introduced which limited the hours of work for factory workers, as well as setting minimum wages.
18th Century: The Poor Law Amendment Act
The Poor Law Amendment Act was passed in 1834 and had a significant impact on Wigan. The act made it easier for local authorities to provide relief for the poor, while also introducing the concept of a 'workhouse' for those who were unable to support themselves. This was an important step in providing social security for the people of Wigan.
20th Century: Modern Legal System
The 20th century saw the emergence of a modern legal system in Wigan. Laws began to be adapted to reflect changes in society such as greater equality for women and minorities. Today, Wigan has its own court which is responsible for dealing with all criminal and civil matters.
21st Century: New Challenges
The 21st century brings new challenges for Wigan in terms of its legal system. These include the need to balance rights with responsibilities, and to ensure that everyone is treated fairly and equally under the law. As technology advances, Wigan must also be prepared to adapt its laws accordingly.
